Many people associate depression with outward signs like social withdrawal, lethargy, and a general inability to function in daily life. However, a condition known as high-functioning depression proves that’s not always the case. This type of depression is characterized by an individual’s ability to maintain seemingly successful careers, relationships, and social lives, all while struggling with the crushing symptoms of depression.
What is High-Functioning Depression?
High-functioning depression, also sometimes called ‘smiling depression’, is not a formal diagnosis. The correct clinical term is Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) or dysthymia. It describes a long-lasting state of low mood, often marked by less severe but more chronic depressive symptoms than those associated with major depression.
Because people with high-functioning depression appear to live normal, even enviable lives, recognizing the signs can be difficult. It also makes it harder to seek the necessary help and support.
3 Key Signs of High-Functioning Depression
While the symptoms may be less outwardly obvious, they are still disruptive. Here are 3 major indicators of high-functioning depression:
- Persistent Sadness, Emptiness, or Irritability: While these feelings are common to depression, the key for high-functioning individuals is that they are nearly always there. It’s a lingering, under-the-surface feeling that something isn’t quite right, often accompanied by irritability or unexpected emotional outbursts.
- Difficulty Experiencing Pleasure or Loss of Interest: Anhedonia, the inability to feel joy or excitement, is a hallmark of depression. Even activities that someone used to passionately enjoy no longer elicit positive emotions or interest. This can lead to social isolation and difficulties maintaining close relationships.
- Perfectionism and Harsh Self-Criticism: People with high-functioning depression often set incredibly high standards for themselves, both in their personal and professional lives. While ambition is admirable, this becomes an issue when coupled with intense and constant self-criticism. Individuals may feel a constant need to overachieve to prove themselves, leading to burnout and deep feelings of inadequacy.
Other Potential Signs to Watch out For:
- Fatigue and low energy levels
- Trouble with sleep (insomnia or sleeping too much)
- Appetite changes leading to weight gain or loss
- Difficulty focusing or making decisions
- Feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness
Why it’s Hard to Get Help
People with high-functioning depression often face unique challenges. On the outside, they have seemingly “perfect” lives. This, coupled with a culture that values productivity and achievement, can create these barriers:
- Shame and Denial: The pressure to be successful can lead to deep feelings of shame around experiencing depression.
- Fear of Stigma: Concerns about social or professional backlash if others found out about their mental health struggles might prevent them from opening up.
- Difficulty Recognizing Symptoms: Since they are functional, people might not see their struggles as ‘real’ depression.
How to Find Support
If you recognize these signs of high-functioning depression, please know you’re not alone and support is available. Here are crucial steps to take:
- Seek Professional Help: A therapist or psychiatrist can provide a formal diagnosis and recommend a treatment plan (therapy, medication, or both).
- Confide in Someone You Trust: It could be a friend, loved one, or mental health support group.
- Focus on Self-Care: Prioritize sleep, healthy eating, exercise, and stress management techniques.
- Be Kind to Yourself: Replace self-criticism with compassion and remind yourself that your struggle is valid.
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Remember: Don’t let appearances deceive you. It’s vital to spread awareness that depression can look different for everyone. High-functioning or not, seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.
Resources
- Befrienders Kenya: http://www.befrienderskenya.org/